APITOXINA & ARTROSIS
| 1: In Vivo. 2005 Jul-Aug;19(4):801-5. |
Inhibitory effect of whole bee venom in adjuvant-induced arthritis.
Lee
JY, Kang
SS, Kim
JH, Bae CS, Choi SH.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine,
Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea.
The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of whole bee venom
(BV) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. Rats were divided into pre-apitherapy, post-apitherapy and
control experimental groups. The pre-apitherapy
group was subcutaneously stung with a honeybee (Apis
mellifera L.) and the control group was subcutaneously injected
with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution one day prior to complete Freund's
adjuvant (CFA) injection. The post-apitherapy group
was subcutaneously stung with a honeybee on day 14 after CFA injection. When
arthritis had developed in the rat, the post-apitherapy
group was subcutaneously administered whole BV every other day for a further
14 days. Clinical signs, hematological values and
radioglogical features were observed during the entire experimental
period. In the pre-apitherapy group, the development
of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis was inhibited. Significant differences in lameness
score, hind paw edema volume and radiological features
were observed between control and pre-apitherapy
rats. White blood cell counts indicated that the degree of leucocytosis
was significantly different between the pre-apitherapy
and control groups (p < 0.01). Inflammatory edema,
polyarthritis and bone change into the right hind
paw were effectively inhibited in pre-apitherapy
rats during the two-week period post-CFA injection. In conclusion, whole BV
was found to inhibit arthritic inflammation and bone changes in the rat. This
may be an alternative treatment for arthritis in humans.
PMID: 15999553 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 2: Toxicon. 2005 Jul;46(1):39-45. |
Bee venom
induces apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Hong
SJ, Rim
GS, Yang
HI, Yin
CS, Koh
HG, Jang
MH, Kim
CJ, Choe
BK, Chung JH.
Department of Internal Medicine,
College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, 351
Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu,
Sungnam-si, Kyonggi-do
463-712, South Korea.
Bee venom (BV) has been used traditionally for the control of pain and inflammation
in various chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
in Oriental medicine. However, it is still unclear how BV exerts its beneficial
effects on the clinical course of RA patients. To investigate the effect of
BV on the treatment of rheumatoid synovitis, we
examined the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human
rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts were surgically obtained from patients
with RA. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)
assay. The apoptosis of synovial cells treated with
10 microg/ml BV for 24 h was identified by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
(DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated
dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, DNA fragmentation
assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. It was demonstrated that rheumatoid
synovial cells treated with 10
microg/ml BV for 24 h exhibited apoptotic features
and fragmentation of DNA. In addition, BV induces apoptosis in rheumatoid
synovial cells through a decrease in BCL2 expression
and an increase in BAX and caspase-3 (CASP3) expression. It is suggested that
BV inhibits the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial
cells through induction of apoptosis by CASP3 activation.
PMID: 15922390 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 3: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jun 3;99(2):245-52. Epub 2005 Apr 11. |
Effect of bee venom on aromatase expression
and activity in leukaemic FLG 29.1 and primary osteoblastic
cells.
Kim
KS, Choi US, Lee
SD, Kim
KH, Chung
KH, Chang
YC, Park
KK, Lee
YC, Kim
CH.
Department of Acupuncture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of
Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University and National
Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Kyungju, Kyungbuk 780-714, Korea.
The effect of bee venom aqua-acupuncture (BVA) (api-toxin),
a traditional immunosuppressive Korean aqua-acupuncture, on the bone function
in human osteoblastic cells was studied. To provide
insights into the effect of BVA on aromatase activity
in bone-derived cells, we examined the human leukaemic
cell line FLG 29.1, which is induced to differentiate toward the osteoclastic phenotype by TPA and TGF-beta1, and the primary
first-passage osteoblastic cells (hOB). Southern blot of RT-PCR products with a 32P-labeled
cDNA probe for the human aromatase
demonstrated that FLG 29.1 and hOB cells express
aromatase mRNA. Gene expression and enzyme activity were stimulated
in a time-dependent fashion by 5.0 microl/ml BV and by either 1-50 nM
TPA or 0.01-0.5 ng/ml TGF-beta1, with maximal responses
after 2-3 h exposure. After 24 h incubation of the cells in the absence of
these stimuli the aromatase mRNA and the protein
were barely detectable. These findings demonstrate that cells of the osteoclastic lineage synthesize aromatase
in vitro by the local cytokine of TGF-beta1 and BVA. These can offer an explanation
for the lack of development of osteoarthritis in BVA-treated patients.
PMID: 15894134 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 4: Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Nov;50(11):3504-15. |
Antiarthritic effect of bee venom: inhibition
of inflammation mediator generation by suppression of NF-kappaB
through interaction with the p50 subunit.
Park
HJ, Lee
SH, Son
DJ, Oh KW, Kim
KH, Song
HS, Kim
GJ, Oh GT, Yoon
do Y, Hong
JT.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the antiarthritic
effects of bee venom (BV) and melittin (a major
component of BV) in a murine macrophage cell line
(Raw 264.7) and in synoviocytes obtained from patients
with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: We evaluated the antiarthritic effects of BV in a rat model of carrageenan-induced acute edema
in the paw and in a rat model of chronic adjuvant-induced arthritis. The inhibitory
effects of BV and melittin on inflammatory gene
expression were measured by Western blotting, and the generation of prostaglandin
E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) and the intracellular
calcium level were assayed. NF-kappaB DNA binding
and transcriptional activity were determined by gel mobility shift assay or
by luciferase assay. Direct binding of BV and melittin
to the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB was determined with a surface plasmon
resonance analyzer. RESULTS: BV (0.8 and 1.6 mug/kg) reduced the effects of
carrageenan- and adjuvant-induced arthritis. This reducing
effect was consistent with the inhibitory effects of BV (0.5, 1, and 5 mug/ml)
and melittin (5 and 10 mug/ml) on lipopolysaccharide
(LPS; 1 mug/ml)-induced expression of cyclooxygenase
2, cytosolic phospholipase
A(2), inducible NO synthase, generation
of PGE(2) and NO, and the intracellular calcium level. BV and melittin prevented LPS-induced transcriptional and DNA binding
activity of NF-kappaB via the inhibition of IkappaB release and p50 translocation. BV (affinity [K(d)] = 4.6 x 10(-6)M) and melittin
(K(d) = 1.2 x 10(-8)M) bound directly to p50. CONCLUSION: Target inactivation
of NF-kappaB by directly binding to the p50 subunit
is an important mechanism of the antiarthritic effects
of BV.
| 5: Am J Chin Med. 2004;32(3):361-7. |
Anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom on type II collagen-induced
arthritis.
Lee JD, Kim SY, Kim TW, Lee SH, Yang HI, Lee DI, Lee YH.
Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience
in Vision 2000 Project East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee
University, Seoul, Korea. ljdacu@khmc.or.kr
Bee venom (BV) has been used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in traditional
Oriental medicine, especially in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). We previously reported that the BV injection into a traditional
acupuncture point (Zusanli) reduced arthritis-associated
edema and nociceptive
responses in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats (Kwon et al., 2001).
This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-cytokine
effect of BV on a murine type-II collagen-induced
arthritis (CIA) model. Male mice were immunized by spontaneous injection of
100 microg of an emulsion of bovine type-II collagen and complete
Freund's adjuvant (CFA), with a booster injection after 2 weeks. In the experimental
group, 0.1 ml BV was injected at acupuncture point (Zusanli) near both knees twice a week for a total of 5 times.
In the control group, normal saline was injected at the same frequencies.
These injections began 5 weeks after the first collagen injection. Starting
the 3rd week after the first collagen injection, we examined limb swelling
and severity of arthritis twice a week. At 8 weeks, mice were sacrificed and
synovial tissue was examined with the light microscope
and serum cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) were measured by ELISA. The incidence
of arthritis, the mean arthritis index and the number of arthritic limbs were
significantly lower in the treatment compared to the control group (63% versus
75%, 3.4% versus 8.5%, 23% versus 75%, respectively). Among the serum proinflammatory
cytokines, the production of TNF-alpha in the BV group was suppressed compared
to the control group (59 +/- 4.5 versus 99.5 +/- 6.5, p < 0.05), but IL-1beta
was not suppressed. The examination of the histopathology of the joints of
murine CIA showed decreased inflammation signs and less lymphocyte
infiltration after BV acupuncture therapy. Acupuncture therapy with BV suppressed
the development of arthritis and caused inhibition of the immune responses
in type-II collagen-induced arthritis.
PMID: 15344419 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 6: Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 Jun;26(6):456-8. |
[Advances in the
study of bee venom and its clinical uses]
[Article in Chinese]
Liu
H, Tong
F.
College of Zoological Sciences,
Publication Types:
· Review
PMID: 14669739 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 7: Am J Chin Med. 2002;30(1):73-80. |
The effect of whole bee venom on arthritis.
Kang SS, Pak
SC, Choi SH.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine,
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju,
Korea.
This study was performed to assess the clincotherapeutic
effect of whole venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. Ninety Sprague-Dawley
male rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Adjuvant arthritis
was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of I mg Mycobacterium butyricum
suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hind paw. Righting reflex
was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development
on day 14 after CFA injection. The experiments were divided into three groups.
When arthritis was developed in the rat, tested groups were administered with
prednisolone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or
honeybee venom (one bee,
| 8: Life Sci. 2002 May 31;71(2):191-204. |
The water-soluble
fraction of bee venom produces antinociceptive and
anti-inflammatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis in rats.
Kwon
YB, Lee HJ, Han HJ, Mar WC, Kang
SK, Yoon
OB, Beitz
AJ, Lee JH.
Department of Veterinary Physiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul
National University, Suwon, South Korea.
We recently demonstrated that bee venom (BV) injection into the Zusanli acupoint produced a significantly
more potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive
effect than injection into a non-acupoint in a Freund's
adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model. However, the precise BV
constituents responsible for these antinociceptive
and/or anti-inflammatory effects are not fully understood. In order to investigate
the possible role of the soluble fraction of BV in producing the anti-arthritic
actions of BV acupuncture, whole BV was extracted into two fractions according
to solubility (a water soluble fraction, BVA and an ethylacetate soluble fraction, BVE) and the BVA fraction was
further tested.Subcutaneous BVA injection (0.9 mg/kg/day)
into the Zusanli acupoint
was found to dramatically inhibit paw edema and
radiological change (i.e. new bone proliferation and soft tissue swelling)
caused by Freund's adjuvant injection. BVA treatment also reduced the increase
in serum interleukin-6 caused by RA induction to levels observed in non-arthritic
animals. In addition, BVA therapy significantly reduced arthritis-induced
nociceptive behaviors
(i.e. nociceptive scores for mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia).
Finally, BVA treatment significantly suppressed adjuvant-induced Fos expression in the lumbar spinal
cord at 3 weeks post-adjuvant injection. In contrast, BVE treatment (0.05
mg/kg/day) failed to show any anti-inflammatory or antinociceptive
effects on RA.The results of the present study demonstrate
that BVA is the effective fraction of whole BV responsible for the antinociception and anti-inflammatory effects of BV acupuncture
treatment. Thus it is recommended that this fraction of BV be used for long-term
treatment of RA-induced pain and inflammation. However, further study is necessary
to clarify which constituents of the BVA fraction are directly responsible
for these anti-arthritis effects.
PMID: 12031688 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 9: Am J Chin Med. 2001;29(2):187-99. |
The analgesic
efficacy of bee venom acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis: a comparative study
with needle acupuncture.
Kwon
YB, Kim
JH, Yoon
JH, Lee JD, Han HJ, Mar WC, Beitz
AJ, Lee JH.
Department
of Veterinary Physiology,
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether bee venom (BV) administered
directly into an acupoint was a clinically effective
and safe method for relieving the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis
(OA) as compared to traditional needle acupuncture. We evaluated the efficacy
of BV acupuncture using both pain relief scores and computerized infrared
thermography (IRT) following 4 weeks of BV acupuncture
treatment. We observed that a significantly higher proportion of subjects
receiving BV acupuncture reported substantial pain relief as compared with
those receiving traditional needle acupuncture therapy. Furthermore, the IRT
score was significantly improved and paralleled the level of pain relief.
Publication Types:
PMID: 11527062 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 10: Pain. 2001 Feb 15;90(3):271-80. |
Bee venom
injection into an acupuncture point reduces arthritis associated edema
and nociceptive responses.
Kwon
YB, Lee JD, Lee HJ, Han HJ, Mar WC, Kang
SK, Beitz
AJ, Lee JH.
Department of Veterinary Physiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul
National University, Suwon 441-744, South Korea.
Bee venom (BV) has traditionally been used in Oriental medicine to relieve
pain and to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
While several investigators have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of
BV treatment, the anti-nociceptive effect of BV
treatment on inflammatory pain has not been examined. Previous studies in
experimental animals suggest that the therapeutic effect of BV on arthritis
is dependent on the site of administration. Because of this potential site
specificity, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect of BV injections into a specific acupoint (Zusanli) compared to a
non-acupoint in an animal model of chronic arthritis.
| 11: Blood. 2000 Dec 1;96(12):3809-15. |
Secreted
phospholipase A(2) induces
vascular endothelial cell migration.
Rizzo
MT, Nguyen
E, Aldo-Benson
M, Lambeau
G.
Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute
and
Secreted phospholipase A(2)
(sPLA(2)) regulates a variety of cellular functions.
The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the potential role of
sPLA(2)
in endothelial cell (EC) migration. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) exposed to sPLA(2) placed in the lower compartment of a modified Boyden chamber displayed increased migration compared to cells
exposed to vehicle. The effect of sPLA(2) on EC migration was time and dose dependent. Migration
of BAECs was observed at 30 minutes, increased over
1 to 2 hours, and declined thereafter. At 2 hours of stimulation, sPLA(2)
(0.01-2 micromol/L) induced 1.2- to 3-fold increased
cell migration compared with media alone. Among the different sPLA(2)s
tested, bee venom, Naja naja,
and porcine and human pancreatic PLA(2)s all evoked a migratory response in
ECs. Moreover, human synovial fluid,
obtained from patients with arthritis and containing sPLA(2) activity, induced EC
migration. Migration of ECs was significantly reduced
after exposure to a catalytic site mutant of pancreatic sPLA(2) with decreased lipolytic activity as compared to wild-type sPLA(2). Similarly, pretreatment
of human synovial fluid with p-bromophenacyl
bromide, an irreversible inhibitor of sPLA(2), markedly decreased the ability of human synovial fluid to stimulate EC migration. Moreover, migration
of ECs was stimulated on exposure to hydrolytic
products of sPLA(2) activity including arachidonic
acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine.
These findings suggest that sPLA(2) plays a physiologic role in induction of EC migration.
Moreover, the effects of sPLA(2) on EC migration are mediated, at least in part, by its
catalytic activity. (Blood.
2000;96:3809-3815)
PMID: 11090064 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE]
| 12: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Apr;289(1):166-72. |
Effects of petrosaspongiolide M, a novel
phospholipase A2 inhibitor, on acute and chronic
inflammation.
Garcia-Pastor
P, Randazzo
A, Gomez-Paloma L,
Alcaraz MJ, Paya M.
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidad de Valencia,
Facultad de Farmacia, Valencia, Spain.
The marine product petrosaspongiolide
M is a novel inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), showing selectivity for secretory PLA2 versus cytosolic
PLA2, with a potency on the human synovial
enzyme (group II) similar to that of manoalide.
This compound was more potent than manoalide on
bee venom PLA2 (group III) and had no effect on group I enzymes (Naja
naja and porcine pancreatic PLA2). Inhibition of
PLA2 was also observed in vivo in the zymosan-injected
rat air pouch, on the secretory enzyme accumulated
in the pouch exudate. Petrosaspongiolide
M decreased carrageenan paw edema
in mice after the oral administration of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. This marine metabolite
(0.01-1.0 micromol/pouch) induced a dose-dependent
reduction in the levels of prostaglandin (PG)E2,
leukotriene B4, and tumor
necrosis factor-alpha in the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan
4 h after the stimulus. It also had a weaker effect on cell migration. The
inflammatory response of adjuvant arthritis was reduced by petrosaspongiolide
M, which also inhibited leukotriene B4 levels in
serum and PGE2 levels in paw homogenates. In contrast with indomethacin,
this marine compound did not reduce PGE2 levels in stomach homogenates. Petrosaspongiolide M is a new inhibitor of secretory PLA2 in vitro and in vivo, with anti-inflammatory
properties in acute and chronic inflammation.
PMID: 10087000 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 13: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Sep 18;238(2):436-42. |
Melittin binds to secretory
phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity.
Saini SS, Peterson
JW, Chopra
AK.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Synthetic melittin inhibited the enzymatic activity
of secretory phospholipase
A2 (PLA2) from various sources, including bee and snake venoms, bovine pancreas,
and synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients,
irrespective of substrate (e.g., [14C]-phosphatidylcholine
or phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles and [3H]-oleic
acid-labeled E.coli).
A Lineweaver-Burk analysis showed that melittin
was a noncompetitive inhibitor of bee venom PLA2,
causing a change in Vmax from 200 to 50 units/min/mg
of protein. The Km remained unchanged (0.75 nmole).
Melittin inhibited approximately 50% of purified bee venom
PLA2 activity in a 30:1 molar ratio (melittin:enzyme). Because the enzyme kinetics indicated a PLA2-melittin
interaction, a melittin-sepharose affinity column
was used to purify a PLA2 from human serum. Further, an enzyme-linked assay
was developed to quantitate PLA2 activity in biological
fluids using avidin-peroxidase and ELISA plates
coated with biotinylated melittin. These observations may have potential therapeutic
significance, as well as provide a convenient basis for the isolation and
quantitation of PLA2. Copyright
1997 Academic Press.
PMID: 9299527 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE]
| 14: Clin Exp Immunol. 1993 Oct;94(1):156-62. |
Modulation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene induction following
honey bee venom administration to adjuvant arthritic (AA) rats; possible role
of AGP on AA development.
Yiangou M, Konidaris C, Victoratos P, Hadjipetrou-Kourounakis L.
Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, Department of Genetics, Development
and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Greece.
Honey bee venom (HBV) administration to adjuvant arthritic (AA) rats resulted
in a significant suppression of arthritis and in suppression of the hepatic
acute phase alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene induction at the early stages
of disease development. AGP administration in AA rats resulted in acceleration
of arthritis development and in increase of severity and duration of the disease.
IL-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and glucocorticoids
alone are not responsible for the HBV-mediated AGP gene down-regulation. These
results indicate that AGP gene expression in AA and HBV-treated AA rats involves
the interaction of several factors, and that AGP plays a role for AA development
in rats.
PMID: 8403499 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 15: Agents Actions. 1989 Jun;27(3-4):425-7. |
Rheumatoid arthritis
synovial fluid phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAP) stimulates human
neutrophil degranulation
and superoxide ion production.
Bomalaski JS, Baker
D, Resurreccion NV, Clark
MA.
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by excessive eicosanoid
production, and phospholipase enzymes are the rate
limiting step in eicosanoid synthesis. We have shown
previously that cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis express enhanced
phospholipase A2 enzyme activities. Recently, we have isolated
a phospholipase A2 activating protein termed PLAP
from rheumatoid synovial fluid. This novel human
protein shares biochemical and antigenic similarities with melittin,
a bee venom phospholipase activating protein. Because
melittin has been shown to induce neutrophil
degranulation and superoxide
formation, and because exuberent release of lysosomal enzymes and superoxide
have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, we examined
the role of PLAP on inducing these neutrophil functions.
| 16: J Rheumatol. 1988 Dec;15(12):1878. |
Bee venom and adjuvant arthritis.
Somerfield
SD, Brandwein
S.
Publication Types:
· Letter
PMID: 3230576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 17: J Rheumatol. 1988 Jul;15(7):1126-8. |
Bee venom, adjuvant
induced disease and interleukin production.
Hadjipetrou-Kourounakis L, Yiangou M.
Laboratory of General Biology, Aristotelian
Interleukin production and the in vitro mitogenic
responses from honey bee venom treated normal rat splenocytes
were reduced considerably compared to controls. Addition of interleukin-1
(IL-1) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) supernatants to these cultures in vitro resulted
in an increase of their responses to normal levels. These results suggest
that in vivo honey bee venom treatment affects the production of IL-1 by macrophages
directly. Honey bee venom treatment affects adjuvant induced disease development
by inhibiting certain macrophage functions and thus indirectly inhibiting
the activation of T and B cells, and possibly the activation of an endogenous
virus which might be involved in adjuvant induced disease induction.
PMID: 3262759 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 18: N Z Med J. 1986 Apr 23;99(800):281-3. |
Bee venom and arthritis:
magic, myth or medicine?
Somerfield
SD.
PMID: 3010202 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE]
| 19: J Rheumatol. 1986 Apr;13(2):477. |
Bee venom and arthritis.
Somerfield SD.
Publication Types:
· Letter
PMID: 3014144 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 20: J Rheumatol. 1984 Oct;11(5):720. |
Bee venom and adjuvant
induced disease.
Hadjipetrou-Kourounakis L, Yiangou
M.
Publication Types:
· Letter
PMID: 6512799 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 21: Arthritis Rheum. 1983 Aug;26(8):1023-8. |
The public's perceptions and misperceptions of arthritis.
Price
JH, Hillman
KS, Toral ME, Newell
S.
A telephone survey of a random sample of 300 respondents indicated that the
respondents relied mainly on the mass media for their information about arthritis.
Almost half of the respondents believed arthritis could be caused by "poor
diet" or "cold, wet climates." Furthermore, quack or unproven
"treatment" for arthritis, such as bee venom (83%), vitamins (76%),
copper bracelets (74%), special diets (57%), and DMSO (54%) were all supported
by more than half of the respondents. However, a followup
to the random survey, using only diagnosed arthritis patients as respondents,
did not reveal as high a level of actual use of unproven treatments. Numerous
factors were found which imply that the lay public is not as well informed
about arthritis as arthritis patients are, and that sustained, community-wide
educational efforts about arthritis are greatly needed.
PMID: 6882478 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 22: J Rheumatol. 1983 Jun;10(3):522. |
Bee venom and adjuvant arthritis.
Somerfield
SD.
Publication Types:
· Letter
PMID: 6887182 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 23: Med Welt. 1982 Aug 27;33(34):1174-7. |
[Bee venom containing Forapin in the treatment
of mesenchymal diseases of the locomotor system. Report on treatment results in 211 patients]
[Article in German]
Mund-Hoym WD.
PMID: 7132669 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 24: J Rheumatol. 1982 Jul-Aug;9(4):649. |
Bee venom therapy of adjuvant arthritis.
Tannenbaum
H, Greenspoon
M.
Publication Types:
· Letter
PMID: 7131471 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 25: Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Mar 15;31(6):1139-46. |
Effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera)
venom on the course of adjuvant-induced arthritis and depression of drug metabolism
in the rat.
Eiseman JL, von
Bredow J, Alvares AP.
The ability of honeybee venom to suppress Mycobacterium butyricum-induced
arthritis was studied in Lewis rats. Bee venom, 2 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 24 days,
suppressed but did not abolish the primary and secondary inflammatory responses
to the adjuvant as monitored by decreases in the swelling of the left and
right hind paws and adjuvant-induced arthritis on heme
metabolism were also examined. Bee venom or adjuvant had no effect on hepatic
delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase,
porphyrin content, or ferrochelatase
activity. However, with both treatments cytochrome
P-450 and the associated enzymic activities of ethylmorphine N-demethylase and
benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase were depressed markedly. In contrast, both treatments
caused several-fold enhancement of hepatic microsomal
heme oxygenase activity.
Adjuvant-treated rats receiving bee venom showed changes in heme
metabolism which were of a magnitude similar to those observed when either
agent was administered to the experimental animals. Although the bee venom
appears to suppress adjuvant-induced arthritis to a greater extent in female
than in male rats, the alterations in heme metabolism
were similar in bee venom-treated male and female rats. The observed changes
in heme metabolism elicited by the venom or by the
adjuvant are strongly suggestive of perturbations of the immune system causing
alterations in hepatic microsomal enzymes.
PMID: 6177321 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 26: Toxicon. 1982;20(1):317-21. |
Adolapin--a newly
isolated analgetic and anti-inflammatory polypeptide
from bee venom.
Shkenderov S, Koburova K.
Adolapin was isolated by a two-step procedure: gel
filtration and chromatography on CM cellulose. The molecular mass of the polypeptide
as determined by SDS electrophoresis and amino acid composition proved to
be 11500 and 11092 respectively. Adolapin exhibited
a potent analgesic effect demonstrated by the "writhing" test (ED50-0,016mg/kg)
and by the Randall-Sellito's test (ED50-0,013 mg/kg).
The anti-inflammatory activity of adolapin was most
marked with regard to carrageenin, prostaglandin
and adjuvant rat hind paw edemas and adjuvant polyarthritis.
The adolapin effects are presumably due to its capacity
to inhibit the prostaglandin synthase system, following a biphasic dose-response relationship.
It is likely that central mechanisms are also involved in the analgetic action of adolapin.
PMID: 7080045 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 27: Agents Actions. 1979 Jun;9(2):205-11. |
Anti-arthritic effect of bee venom.
Chang
YH, Bliven ML.
Bee venom, administered subcutaneously, suppressed the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema and
adjuvant arthritis in the rat in a dose-related manner. A single dose of bee
venom administered subcutaneously the day before or on the day of injection
of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) effectively suppressed the development
of polyarthritis. This suppressive effect decreased progressively
as dosing was delayed. Bee venom was found to be most effective when mixed
and injected (sub-plantar) together with CFA, the disease-inducing agent.
Similarly, antigens such as egg albumin, when incorporated into CFA, and injected
into the hind paw, prevented the development of arthritis. These results suggest
that at least two mechanisms are involved in the anti-arthritic action of
bee venom: (1) alteration of the immune response, probably via antigen competition,
and (2) an anti-inflammatory action via corticosteroids or through an as yet
undetermined mechanism.
PMID: 474306 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 28: Rev Med Liege. 1974 Apr 15;29(8):239. |
[Therapeutic properties
of bee venom]
[Article in French]
Bacq ZM, Lecomte J, Leclercq M.
PMID: 4826387 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 29: Nature. 1973 Sep 21;245(5421):163-4. |
Letter: An anti-inflammatory
peptide from bee venom.
Billingham ME, Morley
J, Hanson
JM, Shipolini RA, Vernon
CA.
PMID: 4582672 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 30: Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Sep;32(5):466-70. |
Effect of bee venom on experimental arthritis.
Zurier RB, Mitnick H, Bloomgarden D, Weissmann G.
PMID: 4751783 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 31: Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1972 Sep;4(2):339-52. |
Influence of bee
venom in the adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model.
Lorenzetti OJ, Fortenberry B, Busby
E.
PMID: 4538551 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 32: Feldsher Akush. 1972 May;37(5):38-9. |
[Treatment with
bee venom]
[Article in Russian]
Gorobets GN.
PMID: 4482902 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
| 33: Clin Chim Acta. 1967 Jul;17(1):119-23. |
The specificity
of the anti-hyaluronidase developed in beekeepers
serum against bee venom hyaluronidase.
Barker
SA, Walton
KW, Weston
PD.
PMID: 4166652 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 34: Ind Med Surg. 1966 Dec;35(12):1045-9. |
Standardized bee venom (SBV) therapy of arthritis. Controlled study of 50 cases with 84 percent
benefit.
Steigerwaldt
F, Mathies
H, Damrau
F.
Publication Types:
PMID: 5332533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 35: Kazan Med Zh. 1962 Jul-Aug;4:73-5. |
[Treatment of patients with spondyloarthritis deformans with
bee venom.]
[Article in Russian]
PORIADIN VT.
PMID: 14488023 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]
| 36: Sov Med. 1961 Jun;25:94-101. |
[Bee venom in the treatment of infectious non-specific (rheumatoid)
arthritis.]
[Article in Russian]
PERTSULENKO VA.
PMID: 13734638 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]
| 37: Sov Med. 1959 Feb;23(2):133-4. |
[Use of bee venom in polyarthritis.]
[Article in Russian]
ISTOMINA
KV, KONEVTSEVA
TV.
PMID: 13646994 [PubMed
- OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]